Real-World Effectiveness of COVID-19 Vaccines in the Netherlands: Causal Inference From A Retrospective Cohort Study Using the Target Trial Emulation framework Within the PharmLines Initiative

01/10/2026
01/10/2026
EU PAS number:
EUPAS1000000785
Study
Ongoing
Study summary
No information provided.
Study identification

EU PAS number

EUPAS1000000785

Study ID

1000000785

Official title and acronym

Real-World Effectiveness of COVID-19 Vaccines in the Netherlands: Causal Inference From A Retrospective Cohort Study Using the Target Trial Emulation framework Within the PharmLines Initiative

DARWIN EU® study

No

Study countries

Netherlands

Study description

We will conduct a retrospective population-based new-user cohort study using linked individual-level
data from the Lifelines cohort, Statistics Netherlands (CBS), and the IADB.nl pharmacy database. Daily target
trials will be sequentially emulated between June 18, 2021 and October 19, 2022. Adults without prior SARS
CoV-2 infection will be assigned to partially vaccinated, fully vaccinated, booster-vaccinated, or unvaccinated
strategies according to their eligibility at each trial start. The primary outcome is time to first laboratory-confirmed
SARS-CoV-2 infection determined by RT-PCR testing. Generalized additive models will estimate time-varying
hazard ratios, while pooled logistic regression will estimate odds ratios for predefined post-vaccination intervals.
Inverse probability of treatment and censoring weights, multiple imputation, and prespecified sensitivity analyses
will address confounding, informative censoring, and missing data.

Study status

Ongoing
Research institutions and networks

Institutions

Contact details

Eelko Hak 0000-0003-0849-7210

Primary lead investigator
ORCID number:
0000-0003-0849-7210

Study timelines

Date when funding contract was signed

Planned:
Actual:

Study start date

Planned:
Actual:

Data analysis start date

Planned:
Actual:

Date of final study report

Planned:
Sources of funding
No external funding
Regulatory

Was the study required by a regulatory body?

No

Is the study required by a Risk Management Plan (RMP)?

Not applicable